A comparison of three marine ecosystems surrounding the Korean peninsula: Responses to climate change     

Ginger A. Rebstock  Young Shil Kang 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,59(4):357-379

This study uses a comparative approach to examine responses of marine ecosystems to climatic regime shifts. The three seas surrounding the Korean peninsula, the Japan/East Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea represent three contiguous but distinct ecosystems. Sampling has been carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of South Korea since 1965, using the same methods in all three seas. Sampling was generally synoptic. Amplitude time series of 1st EOF modes for temperature, salinity, zooplankton biomass and concentrations of four major zooplankton taxa were used to determine whether the three marine ecosystems respond in a similar manner to climate variations. Temporal patterns of the variables were strongly similar among the three seas at decadal time scales, but very weakly similar at interannual scales. All three seas responded to a climatic regime shift that occurred in 1989. Temperature, zooplankton biomass and copepod concentrations increased in the late 1980s or early 1990s in all three seas. Concentrations of amphipods, chaetognaths and euphausiids also increased in the Japan/East Sea and the East China Sea, but not the Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea ecosystem differs strongly from the other two seas, and water exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is much weaker than that between the East China Sea and Japan/East Sea. Spatial patterns of zooplankton determined by the EOF analysis were closely related to currents and fronts in each of the three seas.  相似文献   

Transient biouptake flux and accumulation by microorganisms: The case of two types of sites with Langmuir adsorption     

Josep Galceran  Josep Monn  Jaume Puy  Herman P. van Leeuwen 《Marine Chemistry》2006,99(1-4):162

The uptake of a chemical species by an aquatic microorganism is modelled considering two kinds of sites where Langmuirian adsorption is followed by first order internalisation kinetics. Simpler models, such as only one internalisation route (while most of the adsorption takes place on non-internalising sites) or a linear isotherm for adsorption on one or both sites, become limiting cases of this double-Langmuirian model. The model considers the sites located on the spherical (or semi-spherical) surface of the organism, and takes diffusion from the medium into explicit account. The numerical solution for the internalisation flux shows a maximum. We provide an estimate for the time needed to reach a certain proximity to steady state. The transient solution confirms that the analytical expressions for the steady-state flux are usually valid and that the accumulated amounts reflect the impact of the short-time uptake. The Instantaneous Steady-State Approximation (ISSA), where an intercept of the linear regression of accumulated amount as a function of time is interpreted as an adsorbed amount, can be critically assessed with the transient numerical code for two cases: (i) when the total burden of metal on the cell is the input data and (ii) when an extraction procedure provides further information on the adsorbed and internalised amount.  相似文献   

Ecological characteristics of Walleye pollock eggs and larvae in the southeastern Bering Sea during the late 1970s   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kyung-Mi Jung  Sukyung Kang  Suam Kim  Arthur W. Kendall Jr. 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):859-871

Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is an ecologically and economically important groundfish in the eastern Bering Sea. Its population size fluctuates widely, driving and being driven by changes in other components of the ecosystem. It is becoming apparent that dramatic shifts in climate occur on a decadal scale, and these “regime shifts” strongly affect the biota. This paper examines quantitative collections of planktonic eggs and larvae of pollock from the southeastern Bering Sea during 1976–1979. Mortality, advection, and growth rates were estimated, and compared among the years encompassing the 1970s’ regime shift. These data indicate that pollock spawning starts in late February over the basin north of Bogoslof Island. Over the shelf, most spawning occurs north of Unimak Island near the 100 m isobath in early or mid April. Pollock eggs are advected to the northwest from the main spawning area at 5–10 cm/sec. Larvae are found over the basin north of Bogoslof Island in April, and over the shelf between Unimak Island and the Priblof Islands in May. Compared to 1977, the spawning period appeared to be later in 1976 (a cold year) and earlier in 1978 (a warm year) in the study area. At the lower temperatures in 1976, egg duration would be longer and thus egg mortality would operate over a longer period than in the other years. Mean larval growth appeared to be lower in 1976 than in 1977 and 1979. Estimated egg mortality rate in 1977 was 0.6 in April and 0.3 in early May.  相似文献   

环太湖河道污染物负荷量的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

袁静秀  黄漪平 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(5):485-493

根据１９８７－１９８８年环太湖河道水质，水量实测资料以及环湖主要河道的流量和水质的历史资料，结合平原水网地区的水情特征，提出了环太湖河道污染物负荷量的计算方法，并分析探讨了不同设计水情下环太湖河道污染物负荷量及其时空变化。结果表明，污染物负荷量与水情关系密切，枯水年的河道入湖污染物负荷量大于丰水年。环湖２２条主要河道的入湖污染物负荷量占全部河道入湖总量的７２％－９１％，且不同污染物入湖负荷量的分布  相似文献   

Petrology,geochemistry and geodynamic setting of Eocene-Oligocene alkaline intrusions from the Alborz-Azerbaijan magmatic belt,NW Iran     

Nasser Ashrafi  Ahmad Jahangiri  Noriko Hasebe  G. Nelson Eby 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2018,78(4):432-461

The Kaleybar, Razgah and Bozqush (KRB) intrusions were studied to better understand subduction-related Eocene-Oligocene alkaline magmatism in NW Iran. The bulk of intrusions mainly consist of Si-undersaturated rocks including foid-bearing monzonite and syenite (nepheline syenite, pseudoleucite syenite) with some foid-bearing diorite and gabbro. In addition, they are spatially associated with Si-saturated rocks ranging in composition from monzo-diorite to syeno-granite. The main mafic rock-forming minerals of the studied rocks are olivine (Fo₄₄Fa₅₆), clinopyroxene (diopside to augite), biotite (Mg-biotite through Fe-biotite), amphibole (ferro-pargasite and magnesio-hastingsite with Mg#<0.55), and garnet (Ti-andradites). Based on whole rock geochemistry, the foid-syenites and associated rocks show mildly alkaline (shoshonitic) affinity. The content of SiO₂, K₂O?+?Na₂O, and K₂O/Na₂O ratio ranges from 47.8 to 60.7?wt.%, 5.31 to 16.33?wt.%, and 0.6 to 3.2, respectively. The intrusions are commonly metaluminous, with an aluminum-saturation index (ASI) ranging from 0.66 to 1.01. Almost all the rocks display similar arc-related geochemical features characterized by the enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) together with the depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns show no to marked negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*?=?0.55 to 1.12), (La/Yb)_N?=?8.16 to 31, (La/Sm)_N?=?2.80 to 10.59, and (Tb/Yb)_N?=?0.84 to 2.40. The evaluation of the REE patterns for the KRB magmas and the comparison of the trace element ratios with experimental studies indicate a chemically enriched lithospheric mantle source composed of garnet-spinel-lherzolite that have underwent a low degree of partial melting <5% to generate the KRB intrusions. Based on the present data, we infer that the mantle source was contaminated by a subduction component and the melting of the mantle lithosphere occurred by local extension in an overall convergent regime in NW Iran. The extension regime during the Eocene is proposed to be the result of the Neo-Tethys slab roll-back and the Sevan-Akera-Qaradagh (SAQ) slab break-off.  相似文献   

辽东湾红沿河附近海域2017—2018年冬季气温-水温-冰情关系研究     

马玉贤  王玉  於凡  许宁  袁帅  史文奇 《冰川冻土》2022,44(5):1482-1491

辽东湾是我国冰情最严重海域,每年冬季都会受到海冰的显著影响,冰情预测评估可为辽东湾涉海活动提供防冰抗冰的技术依据。建立气温-水温-冰情的相关性,结合便于获取的现场高精度连续气象数据和高精度冰情预测模型,可实现局地小尺度的冰情快速预测评估。基于2017—2018年冬季辽东湾东岸红沿河附近海域实测气象-水温-冰情同步观测数据,结合辽东湾大尺度整体冰情（浮冰面积）,推演局地气温、水温与不同尺度冰情评价参数（浮冰范围与冰厚）的相关关系,提出基于不同气温区间的气温变化规律的冰底热通量选取方法,进而建立适用于辽东湾的气温-水温-冰情评估方法。相关性分析结果显示：观测点气温与水温存在明显相关性;浮冰范围与气象数据存在明显相关性,临界温度为 -5 ℃的累计负气温能很好拟合本年度盛冰期浮冰范围。基于HIGHTSI进行数值模拟后发现：水温与块体积法计算冰底热通量时,冰水间的热传递系数取2.2×10^-5是可行的;水温对冰情的影响表现在海冰冰厚最大值与冰期长短。为弥补辽东湾其他海域因缺少实测海水温度观测数据欠缺、冰底热通量选取不准选取导致的冰情模拟预测评估困难的问题,本文依据水温与气温的相关性,将水温随气温变化划分为结冰区（气温小于-10 ℃时水温维持冰点附近）、过渡区（气温为-10~-5 ℃时水温处于-1.4~-0.4 ℃）、融冰区（气温高于-5 ℃时水温随气温的增大逐渐增大）,进而提出适用于辽东湾所有海域的冰底热通量计算方法和冰情评估方法。  相似文献   

济南泉域地下水位动态及其对降水响应的交叉小波分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

祁晓凡  杨丽芝  韩晔  尚浩  邢立亭 《地球科学进展》2012,27(9):969-978

利用1988—2009年济南泉域8个地下水位动态观测点不同时段观测资料及1998—2009年降水数据,采用连续小波变换、交叉小波变换方法对济南泉域地下水位动态的多时间尺度特征、相互关系及其对降水的响应进行了分析。结果表明:①济南泉域地下水位动态存在显著的0.82～1.16 a的主振荡周期,低频部分仅在部分年份存在1.95～3.09 a的振荡周期;②含水岩组富水性对地下水位动态存在影响,研究区主径流方向上弱富水性地段地下水位动态时滞较强富水性地段长,强富水性地段4个观测孔地下水位波动时序基本一致;③地下水位动态对降水的响应滞后明显,为73.06～134.42 d,总体表现为地下水径流路径越长,响应越滞后;④基于地下水位动态与基于降水—地下水位动态交叉小波变换得到的观测点对水位动态的滞后时间多数一致,同一径流路径上局部点对滞后时间之和与全局点对有很好的对应关系。交叉小波分析可定量评价泉域地下水位动态及其与降水的相关关系。  相似文献   

土壤温湿状况对黄河源区水循环过程的影响     

彭雯  高艳红  王婉昭 《地球科学进展》2012,27(11):1252-1261

众多研究表明黄河源区受气候变化影响,土壤活动层逐渐下降。土壤温、湿度是陆面过程及地球系统中的重要物理量,它们通过影响地表能量和物质交换而影响大气环流和降水等。利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式,选取2个典型年分别设计了2个控制试验和2个敏感性试验来探讨土壤初始状况变化对区域水循环的影响,通过再循环降水率定量描述不同气候背景下陆面对黄河源区水循环的影响,并尝试从环流角度进一步分析土壤初始状况改变对源区水循环影响的物理机制。结果表明：陆面对水循环的影响受大尺度环流背景场影响较大,较弱的环流背景下再循环降水率较强环流背景大5%左右。土壤初始状况对水循环要素有一定程度的影响。土壤初始温度升高/降低,水汽通量增多/减少,后期降水增大/减小。不同环流背景下,土壤记忆时间不同,在弱的环流背景下,土壤记忆时间要长,初始状况扰动可持续1～2个月。  相似文献   

基于改进White方法的地下水蒸散发研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李洪波  侯光才  尹立河  黄金廷  董佳秋 《地质通报》2012,31(6):989-993

在依赖地下水的植被广泛分布的干旱半干旱地区,蒸散发是地下水排泄的主要方式,因而准确计算地下水蒸散发量,对地下水资源评价具有重要意义。目前水量残差法、地下水极限埋深法和地下水水位日动态法可以用于计算地下水蒸散发量,由于地下水动态信息容易获取,长期以来得到广泛关注。分析了利用地下水动态信息的White方法在计算地下水净补给量方面的不足之处,提出了改进的White方法,即利用相邻两天地下水位上升段的平均斜率计算地下水的净补给量,并利用数值模拟方法对改进的White方法的计算精度进行了评价,表明改进后的方法较原始方法精度提高了16%。最后利用苏贝淖流域实测的地下水动态数据,采用改进的White方法计算了地下水蒸散发量。研究成果对干旱区水资源可持续开发利用具有一定的科学意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

Shift trend and step changes for runoff time series in the Shiyang River basin,northwest China     

Z. L. Li  Z. X. Xu  J. Y. Li  Z. J. Li 《水文研究》2008,22(23):4639-4646

Shift trend and step changes were detected for runoff time series in the Shiyang River basin, one of the inland river basins in north‐west China. Annual runoff data from eight tributaries as well as both annual and monthly runoff from the mainstream from 1958 to 2003 were used. Seven statistical test methods were employed to identify the shift trends and step changes in the study. Mann–Kendall test, Spearman's Rho test, linear regression and Hurst exponent were used to detect past and future shift trends for runoff time series, while the distributed‐free CUSUM test, cumulative deviations and the Worsley likelihood ratio test were used to detect step changes for the same time series. Results showed that the annual runoff from Zamu, Huangyang and Gulang rivers, as well as both annual and monthly runoff from the mainstream, show statistically significant decreasing trends. Future tendency of runoff for both tributaries and mainstream were consistent with that from 1958 to 2003. Step changes probably occurred in 1961 for the runoff from Huangyang, Gulang and Dajing rivers according to the Worsley likelihood ratio test, but no similar results were found using the other two test methods. Three change points (1979, 1974 and 1973) were detected for the mainstream using different methods. These change points were close to the years that reservoirs started to be operated. Both climate change and human activities, especially the latter, contributed to the decreasing runoff in the study area. Between 21% and 79% of the reduction in runoff from the mainstream was due to the impact of human activities during the past few decades. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献